飄在人間~

George Orwell喬治·歐威爾《一九八四》摘要

===個人短評===

這類超經典名著 應該20歲前後就閱讀的
(大學時期至少看了幾十本諾貝爾文學獎等中外世界名著)
沒想到拖到現在才真正讀完這本超諷刺的經典巨著
閱讀中 看到"雙重思想"的描述 
很容易聯想到軍、警生活中的"洗腦"
而這類強迫接受反邏輯與北七般的命令、不容反抗與質疑的制度 
從1948年 至今 類民粹的鬼島2023 
在許多公務部門中 仍然存在 
只能說 可悲 可嘆!

閱讀時看到一堆值得摘錄的"諷刺性文字與設定"

例如:
"
和平部負責戰爭，真理部負責造謠，友愛部負責拷打，富裕部負責挨餓。
The Ministry of Peace concerns itself with war, the Ministry of Truth with lies, the Ministry of Love with torture, and the Ministry of Plenty with starvation.
"

"
戰爭即和平
自由即奴役
無知即力量
WAR IS PEACE
FREEDOM IS SLAVERY
IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH
"

"歷史已經停止。除了黨永遠是正確的無休無止的現在，任何東西都不存在。當然，過去遭到篡改，我是知道的，但我永遠無法加以證明，哪怕在我進行篡改偽造的時候。這種事情做了以後，什麼證據都不遺留。唯一證據存在於我的腦中，但是我一點也沒有把握有任何另外一個人也有我的同樣記憶。"

"在沒有理解能力的人身上，黨把它的世界觀灌輸給他們最為成功。最明顯不過的違反現實的東西，都可以使他們相信，因為他們從來不理解，對他們的要求是何等荒唐，因為他們對社會大事不發生興趣，從來不去注意發生了什麼事情。正是由於缺乏理解，他們沒有發瘋。他們什麼都一口吞下，吞下的東西對他們並無害處，因為沒有殘渣遺留，就像一顆玉米粒不加消化地通過一隻鳥的體內一樣。"

但由於太經典 網上資訊太豐富 
故 底下就直接擷取維基資訊 不再親手打字了

下午 09:39 2023/8/2

===簡介===

底下摘錄維基百科
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%9B

《一九八四》（英語：Nineteen Eighty-Four），是英國作家喬治·歐威爾所創作的一部反烏托邦小說，出版於1949年。它重點探討黨和政府權力過分伸張、推行極權主義、實施壓抑性統治的後果。故事發生的時間設於1984年——為當時作者對未來的虛構想像。在其構想中，世界大部分地區都陷入了一場永久的戰爭、政府監控無處不在、資料記錄中滿是歷史否定主義及政治宣傳。其為反烏托邦小說類三部代表作之一（另外兩部是《我們》和《美麗新世界》）。

在小說中，英國（第一空降場）成了超級大國大洋國的一個省，整個國家由黨所支配，它僱用了思想警察去迫害個人以及個人思考。老大哥是黨的領導人，喜歡強烈的個人崇拜，但他可能根本不存在。小說的主角溫斯頓·史密斯，是一名外圍黨員，他在真理部（新語稱為真部）工作，真理部負責宣傳和修改歷史，他的工作是重新編寫過去的報紙，好讓歷史記錄一如既往地支持政黨的發展路線。真理部的工作者會視此行為為「糾正錯誤」，儘管他們實際上是以虛假的資訊取代真相。該部的大部分工作者也積極地銷毀沒經修訂的所有文件；這樣一來，就沒有證據證明政府干擾歷史記錄。溫斯頓是一個勤勞且精巧的工人，但暗地裡憎恨黨並且夢想著反叛老大哥。溫斯頓通過與小說部的工作者茱莉亞保持性關係來逐漸開始他的反叛行為。

《一九八四》是一本經典的政治諷喻和反烏托邦科幻小說。自1949年出版以來，它的許多用語和概念在英語中已被普遍使用，例如老大哥、雙重思想、犯罪思想、新話、101室、電幕、2+2=5、忘懷洞。《一九八四》令形容詞「歐威爾式的」（Orwellian）普及，它是用於形容官方欺騙、秘密監視並且修改歷史的極權主義或獨裁狀態。在2005年，本書被時代雜誌評為1923年至2005年最好的100本英文小說之一，還在1998年被列入20世紀百大英文小說（讀者票選：第6位；編輯小組：第13位）。2003年，《一九八四》在BBC的書籍票選活動大閱讀中獲得第8位。還在1956年、1984年改編成電影上映。

===喜歡的句子 摘錄===

底下摘錄維基語錄
https://zh.wikiquote.org/zh-tw/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%9B

兩分鐘仇恨之所以可怕，並不是你必須到場參加，而是你會不可避免地被氛圍所感染。不出三十秒鐘，一切矜持都沒有必要了。一種夾雜著恐懼和報復情緒的快意，一種要殺人、虐待、用大鐵錘痛打別人臉孔的欲望，似乎象一股電流一般穿過了這一群人，甚至使你違反本意地變成一個惡聲叫喊的瘋子。然而，你所感到的那種狂熱情緒是一種抽象的、無目的的感情，好象噴燈的火焰一般，可以從一個對象轉到另一個對象。
The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but that it was impossible to avoid joining in. Within thirty seconds any pretence was always unnecessary. A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current, turning one even against one's will into a grimacing, screaming lunatic. And yet the rage that one felt was an abstract, undirected emotion which could be switched from one object to another like the flame of a blowlamp.

不論他是寫打倒老大哥，還是他沒有寫，並沒有什麼不同。不論他是繼續寫日記，還是他沒有繼續寫，也沒有什麼不同。思想警察還是會逮到他的。他已經犯了——即使他沒有用筆寫在紙上，也還是犯了的——包含一切其他罪行的根本大罪。這明做思想罪。思想罪可不是能長期隱匿的。
Whether he went on with the diary, or whether he did not go on with it, made no difference. The Thought Police would get him just the same. He had committed— would still have committed, even if he had never set pen to paper— the essential crime that contained all others in itself. Thoughtcrime, they called it. Thoughtcrime was not a thing that could be concealed forever.

除了你腦殼裡的幾個立方厘米以外，沒有東西是屬於你自己的。
寫給未來或寫給過去，寫給一個思想自由的時代，寫給一個人人各異又不孤獨為繼的時代——寫給一個真相常在、既往也不能被抹殺的時代：來自同化無異的年代，來自荒僻獨居的年代，來自老大哥的年代，來自雙重思考的年代——敬禮！
To the future or to the past, to a time when thought is free, when men are different from one another and do not live alone — to a time when truth exists and what is done cannot be undone: From the age of uniformity, from the age of solitude, from the age of Big Brother, from the age of doublethink — greetings!

除了你腦殼裡的幾個立方厘米以外，沒有東西是屬於你自己的。
Nothing was your own except the few cubic centimetres inside your skull.

思想罪不會帶來死亡，思想罪本身就是死亡。
Thoughtcrime does not entail death, thoughtcrime IS death.

如果別人都相信黨說的謊話——如果所有記錄都這麼說——那麼這個謊言就載入歷史而成為真理。
And if all others accepted the lie which the Party imposed -if all records told the same tale — then the lie passed into history and became truth.

誰控制過去就控制未來，誰控制現在就控制過去。
Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.

所謂自由就是可以說二加二等於四的自由。承認這一點，其他一切就迎刃而解。
Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.

他心中尋思，他自已是不是個瘋子，這，他已想過好幾次了。也許所謂瘋子就是個人少數派。
He wondered, as he had many times wondered before, whether he himself was a lunatic. Perhaps a lunatic was simply a minority of one.

每天落在倫敦的火箭可能是大洋國政府自己發射的，「目的只是為了要嚇唬人民」。
The rocket bombs which fell daily on London were probably fired by the Government of Oceania itself, "just to keep people frightened."

「你只是一個腰部以下的叛逆者，」他對她說。
"You're only a rebel from the waist downwards," he told her.

「我不是說招供。招供不是出賣。無論你說的或做的是什麼都無所謂。有所謂的是感情。如果他們能使我不再愛你——那才是真正的出賣。」
她想了一會兒。「這他們做不到，」她最後說。「這是他們唯一做不到的事。不論他們可以使你說些什麼話，但是他們不能使你相信這些話。他們不能鑽到你肚子裡去。」
「不能，」他比較有點希望地說，「不能；這話不錯。他們不能鑽到你肚子裡去。如果你感到保持人性是值得的，即使這不能有任何結果，你也已經打敗了他們。」
"Confession is not betrayal. What you say or do doesn't matter: only feelings matter. If they could make me stop loving you—that would be the real betrayal."
She thought it over. "They can't do that," she said finally. "It's the one thing they can't do. They can't make you believe it. They can't get inside you."
"No," he said a little more hopefully, "no; that's quite true. They can't get inside you. If you can feel that staying human is worth while, even when it can't have any result whatever, you've beaten them."

歷代的統治者都想要他們的人民對客觀世界接受一種不符實際的看法。
All rulers in all ages have tried to impose a false view of the world upon their followers.

我告訴你，溫斯頓，現實不是外在的。現實存在於人的頭腦中，不存在於任何其他地方。而且不存在於個人的頭腦中，因為個人的頭腦可能犯錯誤，而且反正很快就要死亡；現實只存在於黨的頭腦中，而黨的頭腦是集體的，不朽的。不論什麼東西，黨認為是真理就是真理。除了通過黨的眼睛，是沒有辦法看到現實的。
I tell you Winston, that reality is not external. Reality exists in the human mind, and nowhere else. Not in the individual mind, which can make mistakes, and in any case soon perishes: only in the mind of the party, which is collective and immortal. Whatever the party holds to be truth, is truth. It is impossible to see reality except by looking through the eyes of the Party.

「有時候是四，溫斯頓。但有時候是五。有時候是三。有時候全是。你得再努力一些。要神志健全，不是容易的事。」
"Sometimes, Winston. Sometimes they are five. Sometimes they are three. Sometimes they are all of them at once. You must try harder. It is not easy to become sane."

我們並不因為異端分子抗拒我們才毀滅他；只要他抗拒一天，我們就不毀滅他。我們要改造他，爭取他的內心，使他脫胎換骨。我們要把他的一切邪念和幻覺都統統燒掉；我們要把他爭取到我們這一邊來，不僅僅是在外表上，而且是在內心裡真心誠意站到我們這一邊來。我們在殺死他之前也要把他改造成為我們的人。[...]但是我們卻要在粉碎那個腦殼之前把那腦袋改造完美。
We do not destroy the heretic because he resists us: so long as he resists us we never destroy him. We convert him, we capture his inner mind, we reshape him. We burn all evil and all illusion out of him; we bring him over to our side, not in appearance, but genuinely, heart and soul. We make him one of ourselves before we kill him. [...] we make the brain perfect before we blow it out.

以前的專制暴政的告誡是『你幹不得』。集權主義的告誡是『你得幹』。我們則是『你是』。
The command of the old despotisms was Thou shalt not. The command of the totalitarians was Thou shalt. Our command is Thou art.

你不再可能有正常人的感情。你心裡什麼都成了死灰。你不再可能有愛情、友誼、生活的樂趣、歡笑、好奇、勇氣、正直。你是空無所有。我們要把你擠空，然後再把我們自己填充你。
Never again will you be capable of ordinary human feeling. Everything will be dead inside you. Never again will you be capable of love, or friendship, or joy of living, or laughter, or curiosity, or courage, or integrity. You will be hollow. We shall squeeze you empty and then we shall fill you with ourselves.

我們很明白，沒有人會為了廢除權力而奪取權力。權力不是手段，權力是目的。建立專政不是為了保衛革命；反過來進行革命是為了建立專政。迫害的目的是迫害。拷打的目的是拷打。權力的目的是權力。
We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means; it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power.

古代的各種文明都話自己是建築在博愛和正義之上的。我們的文明則建築在仇恨上。在我們的世界裡，除了恐懼、狂怒、得意、自貶以外，沒有別的感情。其他一切都要摧毀。
The old civilizations claimed that they were founded on love or justice. Ours is founded upon hatred. In our world there will be no emotions except fear, rage, triumph, and self-abasement. Everything else we shall destroy— everything.

我們要消滅掉性的快感。我們的神經病學家正在研究這個問題。除了對黨忠誠以外，沒有其他忠誠。除了愛老大哥以外，沒有其他的愛。除了因打敗敵人而笑以外，沒有其他的笑。不再有藝術，不再有文學，不再有科學。
We shall abolish the orgasm. Our neurologists are at work upon it now. There will be no loyalty, except loyalty towards the Party. There will be no love, except the love of Big Brother. There will be no laughter, except the laugh of triumph over a defeated enemy. There will be no art, no literature, no science.

不再有好奇心，不再有生命過程的應用。一切其他樂趣都要消滅掉。但是，溫斯頓，請你不要忘了，對於權力的沉醉，卻永遠存在，而且不斷地增長，不斷地越來越細膩。每時每刻，永遠有勝利的歡悅，踐踏束手待斃的敵人的快澸。
如果你要設想一幅未來的圖景，就想像一隻腳踩在一張人臉上好了——永遠如此。
There will be no curiosity, no enjoyment of the process of life. All competing pleasures will be destroyed. But always— do not forget this, Winston— always there will be the intoxication of power, constantly increasing and constantly growing subtler. Always, at every moment, there will be the thrill of victory, the sensation of trampling on an enemy who is helpless.
If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face— forever.

如果你是人，溫斯頓，那你就是最後一個人了。你那種人已經絕跡；我們是後來的新人。你不明白你是孤家寡人？你處在歷史之外，你不存在。
If you are a man, Winston, you are the last man. Your kind is extinct; we are the inheritors. Do you understand that you are alone? You are outside history, you are non-existent.

到死還在恨他們，那就是自由。
To die hating them, that was freedom.

她說過，「他們不能鑽到你體內去。」但是他們能夠。奧勃良說過，「你在這裡碰到的事情是 永遠不滅的。」這話不錯。有些事情，你自己的行為，是無法挽回的。你的心胸里有什麼東西已經給掐死了，燒死了，腐蝕掉了。
"They can't get inside you," she had said. But they could get inside you. "What happens to you here is forever," O'Brien had said. That was a true word. There were things, your own acts, from which you could never recover. Something was killed in your breast: burnt out, cauterized out.

在茂密的栗子樹下，我出賣了你，你也出賣了我。他們躺在那兒，我們躺在這兒，在茂密的栗子樹下。
Under the spreading chestnut tree
I sold you and you sold me.
There lie they, and here lie we
Under the spreading chestnut tree.

所有的一切都解決了，所有的鬥爭也都過去了。溫斯頓已經戰勝了自己，他愛老大哥了。
But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother.